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ECN Series - Part 2

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ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) to function effectively, there must be coordination between both the TCP layer (transport layer) and the IP layer (network layer). ECN bits in IP header The ECN bits in the IP header can be broken down into key points for clarity: Location in IP Header : ECN utilizes two specific bits located in the Traffic Class field of the IPv6 header or the Differentiated Services (DS) field of the IPv4 header. ECN Field Composition : The two bits together are known as the ECN field. This field is used to convey information about the congestion status of the network. ECN Field Values : 00 : Indicates that the transport is not ECN-capable. This means that the packet cannot participate in ECN-based congestion notification. 01 and 10 : Both values indicate that the transport is ECN-capable, but no congestion has been encountered. These values are used to mark packets that can be part of ECN without signaling any detected congestion. 11 : Known as the Congestion ...
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ECN Series - Part1

Introduction to Network Congestion and ECN Network congestion occurs when a network or a part of it is overloaded with data, leading to a degradation in the quality of service. This can result in packet loss, increased latency, and lower data throughput, affecting the overall performance of network applications. To address this issue, Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) was introduced as a mechanism for congestion avoidance in IP networks. ECN is designed to signal impending network congestion before packet loss occurs, allowing senders to adjust their transmission rates preemptively. Understanding Congestion in Networks Data packets travel across networks from source to destination through various routers and links. When too many packets arrive at a network segment at once, it can exceed the segment's handling capacity, leading to congestion. Traditional congestion control mechanisms rely on detecting packet loss as an indicator of congestion. However, packet loss detection is ...
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